/sr  y  i 

vivaztixmm 


r-i.fi. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


CONFEDERATE  HISTORY 


fBfp 

■wm*0 


REVISED  AND  ENLARGED 


THE  HISTORICAL  COMMITTEE 

South  Carolina  Division  v  £ " 


l  9  2  3 


. 


Cctteltisttt 


— OF — 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 
CONFEDERATE  HISTORY 


MRS.  J.  FROST  WALKER,  Chairman 
MRS.  B.  B.  ALLEN  MISS  LENA  LAWSON 

MRS.  W.  H.  HERNDON  MRS.  J  G.  STABLER 

Committee 


MRS.  CHAPMAN  J.  MILLING 
President 


REVISED  AND  ENLARGED 
BY 

THE  HISTORICAL  COMMITTEE 

South  Carolina  Division 

United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 

~  7^2  3 


TO 


GEN.  C.  IRVINE  WALKER 
DR.  T.  GRANE  SIMONS 


Southern  Pamphlets 
Rare  Book  Collection 
\JNC-Chapel  Hill 


PREFACE 


In  revising  and  enlarging  this,  catechism  by  request  of  the 
South  Carolina  division.  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 
the  Historical  committee  has  found  the  work  both  pleasant 
and  profitable.  The  book  has  been  entirely  rewritten  and 
the  text  greatly  amplified.  The  former  edition  being  used 
as  a  foundation  to  build  on. 

The  Historical  Committee  which  issued  the  first  edition  of 
the  catechism,  was  composed  of  the  following  Daughters:  Mrs. 
St.  John  A.  Lawton,  chairman,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Vandiver,  Miss  Zena 
Payne,  Mrs  C.  P.  Murray,  and  Mrs.  E'.  J.  Burch.  In  the  year 
1918  and  1919,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Vandiver  of  Anderson,  and  Miss 
Grace  Dell  James  of  Bishopville,  respectively,  were  winners 
in  the  catechism  contest. 

We  are  greatly  indebted  to  Mrs.  J.  H.  West,  of  Newberry, 
Mrs.  St.  John  A.  Lawton,  of  Charleston,  Miss  Mary  B.  Poppen- 
heim  of  Charleston,  Miss  Mildred  Rutherford  of  Georgia,  and 
others  for  information  and  suggestions. 

MRS.  J.  FROST  WALKER, 

Historian  and  chairman  of 

Historical  committee, 

S.  C.  Division  U.  D.  C. 


Union,  S.  C. 


INSCRIPTION 


Confederate  Monument,  Columbia,  South  Carolina 


This  Monument 
Perpetuates  The  Memory 
Of  Those  Who 

True  to  the  instincts  of  their  birth. 
Faithful  to  the  teachings  of  their  fathers, 
Constant  in  their  love  for  the  State — - 
Died  in  the  performance  of  their  duty; 

Who 

Have  gloried  a  fallen  cause 
By  the  simple  manhood  of  their  lives, 

The  patient  endurance  of  suffering 
And  the  heroism  of  death 
And  who 

In  the  dark  hour  of  imprisonment 
In  the  hoelessness  of  the  hospital, 

In  the  short  agony  of  the  field 
Found  support  and  consolation 
In  the  belief 

That  at  home  they  would  not  be  forgotten. 

Those  for  whom  they  died 
Inscribe  on  this  marble 
The  solemn  record  of  their  sacrifice, 

The  perpetual  gratitude  of  the  State  they  served, 
The'  undying  affection  of  those  whose  lives 
The  separation  of  Death 
Has  shadowed  an  everlasting  sorrow; 
Scattered  over  the  battlefields  of  the  South. 
Buried  in  remote  and  alien  graves, 

Dying  unsoothed  by  the  touch 
Of  familiar  and  household  hands, 

Their  names  are  here 
To  recall 

To  their  children  and  kinsmen 
How  worthily  they  lived 
How  nobly  they  died; 

And  in  what  tender  reverence 
Their  memory  survives- 


593248 


Let  the  stranger  who  may  in  future  times 
Read  this  inscription 
Recognize  that  these  men 
Whom  power  could  not  corrupt, 

Whom  death  could  not  terrify, 

Whom  defeat  could  not  dishonor 
And  let  their  virtues  plead  for  just  government 
Of  the  cause  for  which  they  perished 

Let  the  South  Carolinian  of  another  generation 

Remember 

That  the  State  taught  them 
How  to  live  and  die; 

And  that  from  her  broken  fortunes 
She  has  preserved  for  the  children 
The  priceless  treasures  of  their  memories 

Teaching  all 

Who  may  claim  the  same  birth  right 
That  Truth,  Courage  and  Patriotism 
Endure  forever- 

— 'Wm.  Henry  Trescot. 


CATECHISM  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA  CONFEDERATE 

HISTORY 


I  .—A  NTE-BELLUM 

(1)  Name  the  South’s  greatest  exponent  of  State  Rights  and 
give  lifp-  dates.* 

John  Caldwell  Calhoun  of  South  Carolina;  1782-1850. 

(2)  Mention  his  home,  the  chief  public  services  of  his  political 
career,  and  his  burial  place. 

Born  in  Abbevill  District,  March  18th,  178  2.  Lived  at 
Fort  Hill,  Oconee  County,  S.  C.  Member  of  Congress,  United 
States  Senator  and  United  States  Secretary  of  State.  He  lies 
buried  in  St.  Philip’s  churchyard,  Charleston,  South  Carolina 

(3)  Did  any  other  states  beside  South  Carolina  believe  in 
States  Rights? 

Yes.  New  England  States  threatened  twice  to  leave  the 
Union  because  their  “Rights  were  threatened.’’ 

(4)  Had  South  Carolina  and  the  other  states  a  right  to  secede? 

Yes.  The  National  Constitution  justifies  the  doctrine  of 

States  Rights. 

(5)  For  how  long  had  the  North  abused  the  privileges  of  tha 
South,  and  in  what  ways? 

Forty  years;  mainly  through  unjust  legislation,  unconsti¬ 
tutional  Tariff  Acts,  and  unjust  distribution  of  money  in  the 
Treasury. 

(6)  Where  did  the  National  Democratic  Convention  of  1860 
meet,  and  what  date? 

Charleston,  S.  C.,  April  18  60. 

(7)  After  Lincoln’s  election,  at  what  little  place  and  at  what 
date  was  the  first  conference  about  South  Carolina  seceding 
from  the  Union  held? 

At  Secession  Hill,  Abbeville  County,  November  22nd,  1860 

(8)  How  many  men  were  there? 

Eight  companies  of  minute  men. 

(9)  Which  was  the  first  State  to  secede,  and  when? 

South  Carolina,  December  20th,  1860 

(10)  Where  did  the  delegates  to  the  first  secession  Convention 
in  South  Carolina  meet  and  where  was  the  Ordinance  signed? 

The  South  Carolina  Secession  Convention  met  in  the  first 
Baptist  Church  of  Columbia,  but  owing  to  a  small-pox  epi¬ 
demic,  it  completed  its  work  in  St.  Andrew’s  Hall,  in  Charles¬ 
ton,  South  Carolina,  where  the  Ordinance  was  signed. 

(11)  By  what  term  did  it  refer  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States;  and  what  did  it  declare  concerning  the  Union" 

The  Compact;  that  it  was  dissolved. 


♦State  Rights  or  States  Rights — Encyclopedia. 
State  Rights— Rutherford’s  history. 

State  Rights — Andrew’s  history. 


7 


(12)  How  many  signors  ot  the  Ordinance  of  Secession  were 
there  and  how  were  they  chosen?  ^ 

One  hundred  and  sixty-nine  members  of  a  State  Conven¬ 
tion,  chosen  by  a  popular  vote. 

(13)  Where  is  the  original  Ordinance  of  Secession  preserved, 
and  how  are  the  fac-simile  copies  accounted  for? 

The  original  Ordinance  of  Secession  is  preserved  in  the 
archives  of  the  South  Carolina  Historical  Commission  in  the 
South  Carolina  Capitol.  A  copy  of  the  Ordinance  was  pre¬ 
sented  to  each  signer;  one  of  these  is  in  the  library  of  Win- 
throp  College,  one  in  the  Record  Room  of  the  Ree  County 
court  house,  and  otners  elsewnere. 

(14)  Had  the  South  made  any  efforts  at  this  time  to  keep 
peace? 


Yes.  She  made  five  different  overtures  to  have  a  peaceful 
settlement  of  all  questions.,  (See  note.) 

(15)  What  agreement  had  both  sides  made? 

That  no  fort  would  be  re-in  forced  without  first  giving  no¬ 
tice  to  the  Government. 


II. — WAR  PERIOD. 

(15)  Who  began  the  war? 

The  North  under  the  leadership  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
while  the  Confederate  Commissioners  were  in  Washington 
making  every  effort  for  peace. 

(17)  What  part  did  the  “Star  of  the  West”  play  in  precipitat¬ 
ing  the  war? 

The  “Star  of  the  West”  was  a  small  vessel  containing 


*  The  South  made  five  distinct  efforts  to  secure  peace  as  they 
did  not  desire  war. 

1.  The  Crittenden  Compromise  in  Congress,  December,  1860, 
which  would  have  made  peace  but  was  rejected  by  the  Republi¬ 
cans  at  Mr.  Lincoln’s  direction. 

2.  A  Peace  Conference  at  Washington,  I).  C.,  February  4th, 
1860.  All  Compromises  refused  by  Mr.  Lincoln’s  representa¬ 
tive. 

3.  The  Confederate  Government  sent  three  Commissioners 
to  Washington,  March  5th,  1861,  to  ask  for  peace — They  failed 
by  President  Lincoln’s  declaring  war  by  breaking  the  Armistices. 

4..  Virginia’s  Convention  on  February  13,  1861,  when  Presi¬ 
dent  Lincoln  was  asked  to  be  present  in  the  interest  of  peace. 
He  declined  to  go  but  sent  word  that  “It  was  too  late.”’  He  had 
then  sent  vessels  to  arm  and  provision  Sumter  and  Pickens. 

5.  President  Davis  in  the  spring  of  1864,  sent  three  commis¬ 
sioners  to  urge  leading  men  at  the  North  to  urge  peace.  Presi¬ 
dent  Lincoln  would  not  see  them  but  sent  terms  which  meant 
unconditional  surrender,  which  could  not  be  accepted. 

4  he  Hampton  Roads  Conference  where  only  the  same 
terms  of  unconditional  surrender  were  offered  by  President 
Lincoln  s  and  Alexander  Stephens’  own  evidence. 

Miss  Rutherford’s  Scrap  Book  for  April. 

Vol.  IV.,  pp.  1-18. 


8 


troops  and  provisions,  sent  to  re-inforce  Major  Anderson,  a 
United  States  officer.  Slie  endeavored  to  reach  Fort  Sum¬ 
ter  on  January  9th,  1861,  but  when  fired  upon  from  Morris 
Island  by  students  of  the  South  Carolina  Military  Academy, 
she  turned  back.  George  Edward  Haynesworth  was  the  first 
to  pull  the  lanyard  of  a  gun  against  the  “Star  of  the  West.” 

(18)  What  happened  after  this? 

Six  more  states  immediately  seceded,  and  the  seven  Con¬ 
federate  States  at  once  called  for  volunteers. 

(19)  Who  was  chosen  Secretary  of  War  of  the  South  Carolina 
Government;  and  what  provision  was  made  for  obtaining 
revenue? 

D.  F.  Jamison,  of  Barnwell;  a  tariff  to  be  collected  at  all 
ports  of  entrance  into  the  State. 

(20)  Whom  did  the  Confederate  Government  assign  as  director 
of  South  Carolina  defenses? 

General  G.  T.  Beaureguard,'  of  Louisiana. 

(21)  Where  was  the  scene  of  the  first  struggle  between  the 
South  and  the  United  States,  and  how  was  it  precipitated? 

The  first  combat  occurred  in  Charleston  Harbor,  upon  the 
refusal  of  the  garrison  of  Fort  Sumter  to  surrender  the  prop¬ 
erty  there  to  the  Confederate  States  of  America  (C.  S.  A.), 
the  demand  being  made  when  the  rumor  became  current  that 
United  States  gunboats,  contrary  to  agreement,  were  on  their 
way  to  protect  the  Fort.  Captain  Stephen  D.  Lee,  S.  C.  Vol., 
of  Anderson,  South  Carolina,  who  afterwards  became  a  general 
was  sent  by  General  Beaureguard  to  make  this  demand. 

(22)  What  was  the  object  of  General  Beaureguard’s  attack;  and 
when  did  the  bombardment  take  place,  having  what  effect? 

The  reduction  of  Fort  Sumter;  from  4.00  o’clock  A.  M., 
April  12th,  1861,  for  thirty-three  hours,  until  the  United 

States  flag  was  hauled  down.  After  this,  without  consult¬ 
ing  Congress,  President  Lincoln  called  for  7  5,000  troops  to 
coerce  the  seceding  States,  upon  that  call,  Virginia,  Arkansas, 
North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  seceded. 

(23)  What  young  engineer  superintended  the  fortifications  of 
Charleston  Harbor? 

Captain,  later  Major  John  Johnson;  for  many  years  after 
the  war  the  beloved  rector  of  St.  Philip’s  Church.  Charleston, 
a  man  who  made  valuable  additions  to  the  history  of  South 
Carolina,  not  only  by  actual  work  in  the  formation,  but  in  his 
careful  and  accurate  written  accounts. 

(24)  What  Confederate  General  afterwards  became  Episcopal 
bishop  of  South  Carolina? 

General  Ellison  Capers,  who  distinguished  himself  as  great¬ 
ly  during  the  war  by  his  gallantry  and  discretion,  as  he  did 
afterwards  by  his  piety  and  eloquence. 

(25)  By  what  sobriquet  was  the  Confederate  General  Richard  H. 
Anderson  known. 

“Fighting  Dick  Anderson,”  which  is  the  highest  rank  that 
can  be  given. 

(26)  Who  were  the  Confederate  commanders  defending  Fort 
Sumter? 


9 


Alfred  Rhett,  Stephen  Elliott,  John  Mitchell  and  Thomas 
Huguenin. 

j27)  Was  Fort  Sumter  ever  captured  by  the  Federals? 

Never.  Neither  Fort  Sumter  nor  Charleston,  though 
severely  bombarded  for  over  two  years.  They  were  both  vol¬ 
untarily  evacuated  at  the  end  of  the  war,  when  the  struggle 
was  seen  to  be  hopeless. 

28)  Who  bestowed  the  sobriquet,  “Stonewall,”  on  General 
Thomas  J.  Jackson,  and  why? 

General  Barnard  E.  Bee,  of  South  Carolina,  during  the 
first  battle  of  Manassas  or  Bull  Run,  the  first  land  battle  of 
the  war.  When  his  brigade  seemed  to  waver  during  a  parti¬ 
cularly  hot  encounter,  he  pointed  to  General  Jackson,  whose 
brigade  was  near  by,  and  urging  his  men  to  rally,  exclaimed: 
“Look  there  at  Jackson!  He  is  standing  like  a  stone-wall.” 
The  men  took  fresh  courage  and  pressed  on  to  victory.  Gen¬ 
eral  Bee  lies  buried  in  the  Episcopal  church  yard  at  Pendleton, 
in  Anderson  County,  South  Carolina 

(29)  What  part  of  South  Carolina  territory  was  taken  by  the 
enemy  early  in  the  war? 

Port  Royal,  (Commanded  by  Gen.  Thomas  F.  Drayton),  with 
Beaufort  and  the  surrounding  country,  taken  by  the  Federals 
in  November,  1861. 

(30)  Tell  of  the  battle  of  Secessionville,  James  Island. 

The  Federal  force  which  had  captured  Port  Royal  determin¬ 
ed  to  take  Charleston  also,  and  on  June  16th,  1862.  they  at¬ 
tacked  with  a  force  of  six  thousand  men,  the  Confederate  fort 
at  Secessionville,  defended  by  seven  hundred  and  fifty  men, 
under  the  immediate  command  of  Major  Lamar.  There  was 
a  Confederate  reserve  of  thirteen  hundred  under  Colonel 
Johnson  Hagood  (afterward  made  General  and  also  Governor 
of  South  Carolina.)  The  Federals  were  defeated  and  with¬ 
drew.  This  was  one  of  the  three  decisive  battls  of  the  War 
between  the  States.  This  was  a  “Colonel’s  battle,”  no  one 
above  the  rank  of  Colonel  being  engaged.  Colonel  Johnson 
Hagood,  1st  Regiment;  Colonel  Peter  Gaillard,  27th  Regiment; 
Colonel  C.  H.  Stevens  and  Colonel  Ellison  Capers,  24th  Regi¬ 
ment;  Colonel  Charles  H.  Simonton,  25th  Regiment,  being  in 
Command. 

(31)  Who  was  in  command  of  the  force  defending  Charleston? 

General  R.  S.  Ripley. 

(3  2)  Tell  of  the  attack  and  defense  of  Charleston  harbor. 

In  April  1863,  a  powerful  ironclad  fleet  attacked  Fort  Sum¬ 
ter  but  was  driven  off,  after  a  terrific  fight.  Other  assaults 
also  resulted  in  failure  to  the  enemy.  During  the.  four  years 
of  the  war,  Charleston  stood  impregnable  against  all  assaults 
from  the  sea. 

(33)  What  was  the  “Little  David”  and  what  became  of  it? 

The  “Little  David”  was  a  successful  torpedo  boat,  designed 
by  Dr.  St.  Julian  Ravenel,  of  Charleston  and  used  October  5th, 
1 S63.  It  was  named  “Little  David”,  because  it  was  to  attack  a 
great  Goliath,  a  large  United  States  war  ship  “Ironsides”,  in 
Charleston  Harbor.  It  crippled  the  big  ship  and  returned  under 


10 


Lieut.  W.  T.  Glassell,  to  port.  It  was  the  fore-runner  of  the 
modern  torpedo  boat. 

(34)  What  other  torpedo  boat  attacked  the  “Ironsides?” 

“The  Torch”,  designed  by  Captain  F.  D.  Lee,  commanded 

by  Captain  J.  Carlin  and  Lieutenant  E.  S.  Fickling,  August 
21st,  1863. 

(35)  Tell  of  “The  Hunley.” 

It  was  a  submarine  named  for  her  designer,  Horace  L. 
Hunley,  built  in  Mobile,  Ala,  in  18  63.  She  could  carry  a 
crew  of  nine  men  and  could  remain  below  water  thirty  minutes 
She  was  sent  by  rail  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  Six  crews 
were  lost  on  her,  the  last  being  in  the  attack  of  the  “Housa- 
tonic”  off  Charleston  harbor,  February  17th,  1864.  The  brave 
little  boat  steered  straight  for  the  big  vessel,  her  torpedo 
striking  the  Housatonic  amidships.  The  big  sloop-of-war 
sank  immediately,  the  Hunley  sinking  with  her.  Her  crew 
unable  to  open  the  man  hole,  was  drowned. 

(36)  Who  were  the  “Immortal  600”? 

They  were  six  hundred  young  Southern  officers  whom  the 
Yankees  placed  on  Morris  Island,  South  Carolina,  under  our 
own  fire  of  guns  from  the  forts  in  the  harbor,  enduring  great 
hardships  and  with  insufficient  food.  Negroes  were  in  com¬ 
mand  over  them.  Only  seventeen  of  the  six  hundred  were 
finally  forced  by  their  great  suffering  to  take  the  oath  of  alle¬ 
giance.  The  others  remained  faithful  to  the  end.  About 
a  third  of  the  original  number  survived. 

(37)  What  is  the  approximate  of  the  South  Carolina  fighting 
men  furnished  the  Confederate  States  Service? 

Sixty-five  thousand. 

(38)  Where  did  they  serve? 

In  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia;  in  the  Trans-Mississippi 
Department;  in  the  Army  of  the  West;  in  the  Coast  Defense, 
and  in  the  Navy. 

(39)  Who  was  one  of  the  brave  commanders  of  the  Army  of  the 
West,  from  Union,  South  Carolina;  and  why  so  named? 

General  States  Rights  Gist;  he  was  born  about  the  time 
when  the  question  of  States  Rights  was  agitated. 

(40)  What  was  South  Carolina’s  loss  in  men  in  the  Confederate 
States  Service? 

17,6  82  died  in  service-  Thousands  died  from  the  effects 
of  the  war  in  the  years  immediately  following. 

(41)  Who  were  South  Carolina’s  war  governor’s? 

Francis  Pickens,  .  December,  1860-1862 

M.  L.  Bonham  .  December  1862-1864 

A.  G.  Magrath  . - . . .  December  1864-1865 

Soon  after  the  war  Governor  Magrath  was  arrested  by  the 
Federal  Government,  sent  to  prison  and  deposed  as  governor. 

(42)  What  was  the  direction  of  W.  T.  Sherman’s  Raiders  in 
South  Carolina  in  1865;  and  what  policy  did  the  ravages  of 
his  soldiers  indicate? 

From  Savannah,  northwest  to  Columbia,  thence  northeast 
to  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina  devastating  a  fifty-mile  belt; 
destruction  of  property  and  homes  and  humiliation  of  the  people. 


11 


(4o)  What  city  was  burned  in  February  18  65,  as  the  hot-bed 
of  secession? 

Columbia,  South  Carolina. 

<44)  Who  was  falsely  charged  by  Sherman  with  having  started 
the  fires? 

It’s  defender,  Wade  Hampton. 

(45)  Who  burned  Columbia? 

General  Sherman  by  his  own  confession,  though  at  the 
time  he  declared  that  it  was  done  by  Hampton. 

(46)  In  the  burning  of  Columbia,  why  were  the  University 

buildings,  among  which  was  the  valuable  College  library, 

spared? 

Because  those  buildings,  and  especially  the  library  were 
used  as  a  hospital,  and  not  even  Sherman  destroyed  hospitals 
containing  sick  and  wounded. 

(47)  As  the  chief  fighting  in  South  Carolina  was  near  the  coast, 
why  was  the  State  so  prostrated  after  the  war? 

Because  its  fighting  men  being  in  other  States,  there  was 
nothing  to  oppose  Sherman’s  march  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea, 
and  his  army  passed  like  a  flock  of  locusts  over  the  field  of 
grain,  ruthlessly  destroying  everything  in  their  path.  Then 
after  the  war  Reconstruction  and  negro  rule  came 

(48)  What  and  where  were  the  “Wayside  Hospitals?” 

The  “Wayside  Hospitals”  originated  with  the  women  of 
Columbia,  but  soon  spread  to  every  hamlet  in  the  State.  They 
dispensed  to  sick  and  wounded  soldiers  medicine,  food  banda¬ 
ges  clothing,  and  any  other  supplies  available.  The  ladies 
had  these  in  readiness  at  railroad  stations,  on  the  highroads, 
on  the  trains  and  elsewhere.  Among  the  number  of  noble 
women  who  worked  so  untiringly  for  the  soldiers  may  be  men¬ 
tioned  Mrs.  Sara  Rowe,  of  Orangeburg,  Miss  Mary  Ann  Buie, 
of  Aiken,  Mrs.  John  Bryce,  president  of  Wayside  Hospital  at 
Columbia.  Mrs.  John  Fisher  of  Columbia. 

(49)  Who  was  Mrs.  Louisa  Cheves  McCord;  and  where  was  her 
home? 

Mrs.  Louisa  Cheves  McCord  was  one  of  the  noble  women  of 
the  Confederacy  who  gave  her  all  for  the  Confederate  Cause, 
her  especial  interest  was  the  South  Carolina  College  hospital 
used  for  Confederate  soldiers;  her  home  was  in  Columbia,  S. 
C. 

(50)  When  and  where  was  the  last  meeting  of  the  Confederate 
Cabinet? 

May  2nd,  1865;  in  Burt  house,  Abbeville,  South  Carolina. 

(51)  What  cabinet  members  were  present? 

Jefferson  Davis  president;  Judah  P.  Benjamin.  Secretary  of 
State;  John  C.  Breckinridge,  Secretary  of  war;  S.  R.  Mallory, 
Secretary  of  Navy;  John  H.  Reagan,  postmaster  general. 

(52)  What  Confederate  generals  were  present  at  the  same  time 
and  held  a  council  of  war  with  the  cabinet? 

W.  C.  Breckinridge,  Basil  W.  Duke,  J.  C.  Vaughan,  George 
C.  Dibrell,  S.  W.  Ferguson,  Braxton  Bragg. 


12 


(53)  Name  two  war  poets  from  South  Carolina. 

Paul  Hamilton  Hayne,  Henry  Timrod. 

(54)  Give  titles  of  some  of  their  calls  to  service,  during  the  war. 

“Carolina,”  “Charleston”,  “A  Cry  to  Arms”,  by  Timrod. 

“My  Motherland,”  “Stonewall  Jackson,”  by  Hayne. 

1 1 1 . — HE(  ( )  \ST R UCT IOX 

(55)  Show  how  Reconstruction  was  unjust  to  the  South. 

South  Carolina  and  the  entire  South  intended  to  accept 
quietly  the  results  of  war,  but  of  course  had  no  intention  of 
submitting  to  negro  rule.  All  that  her  people  wished  to  do, 
was  to  rehabilitate  their  devastated  lands  and  rebuild  their 
homes.  It  was  cruel  and  unjust  for  victorious  Congress  to 
seek  revenge,  and  to  place  it  under  military  rule  and  negro 
domination. 

(56)  Name  our  Reconstruction  governors. 

B.  F.  Perry,  Greenville,  appointed  Provisional  Governor  by 
President  Andrew  Johnson,  May  1865-November  1865;  J.  L. 
Orr,  Anderson,  elected  under  Constitution  framed  by  Conven¬ 
tion  of  l  he  people  in  1865,  served  November  1865-June  1868; 
R.  K.  Scott,  Ohio,  elected  according  to  Constitution  of  1868, 
following  orders  issued  in  the  Military  District  created  by 
Pres.  Grant,  June  1 86 8-December  1872;  F.  J.  Moses,  Jr.,  Sum¬ 
ter,  S.  C.,  December  1872-1874;  D.  H.  Chamberlain,  Massa- 
chussetts,  December  187  4-March  1877. 

(57)  Which  Military  District  was  the  commonwealth  of  South 
Carolina  called,  and  who  was  in  charge  of  it? 

District  No.  2;  Major  General  Daniel  Sickles,  United  States 
Army. 

(58)  What  did  Judge  A.  P.  Aldrich  of  the  Circuit  Couit  say  on 
receipt  of  the  Federal  order  to  dissolve  the  Court? 

He  directed  the  sheriff:  “Let  the  Court  stand  adjourned 

while  justice  is  stifled.” 

(59)  According  to  the  Constitution  of  186  8,  who  could  vote? 

Every  negro  man  had  the  right  to  vote,  while  whites  who 

aided  the  Confederacy  were  barred. 

(60)  Who  was  the  “Carpet-bagger”  in  politics? 

An  adventurer  from  the  North,  who  exploited  the  South 
for  personal  gain  and  preferment.  Their  possessions  were  so 
meager  that  it  was  said  that  they  brought  all  their  belongings 
in  a  carpet  bag. 

(61)  What  was  the  financial  policy  of  the  carpet-bag  Govern¬ 
ment  during  the  Reconstruction  period? 

Fraudulent  collection  of  taxes,  issuing  of  bonds,  personal 
graft. 

(62)  What  part  did  the  negroes  play? 

They  served  in  Congress;  half  of  the  State  legislature  were 
ignorant  negroes;  many  magistrates  and  minor  officers  were 
negroes;  but  on  the  whole  the  negro  was  the  cat's  paw  of 
the  carpet-bagger.  The  National  Guard  in  South  Carolina, 
consisted  of  negro  militia.  Perhaps,  40.000  were  issued 
arms  and  uniforms. 


13 


(63)  What  secret  society  saved  a  civilization  and  made  it  pos¬ 
sible  for  white  people  to  reside  in  the  State? 

The  Ku  Klux  Klan. 

(  G  4  )  Tell  about  this  organization. 

It  was  an  honorable  body  of  Southern  men,  who  would  not 
bow  to  negro  domination.  Their  foroears  had  fought  and 
died  to  leave  them  homes  and  a  heritage  in  the  South  and 
they  determined  these  should  not  be  foully  wrested  from  them. 
Therefore,  they  organized  to  protect  and  defend  their  homes, 
to  protect  those  who  were  defenseless,  and  to  defend  what  was 
left  of  their  property;  which  they  did. 

(65)  How  was  South  Carolina  redeemed  in  1876  for  home  rule? 

Led  by  Wade  Hampton,  the  Confederate  soldier,  with  his 

son  arose  and  formed  an  organization  of  native  whites.  This 
was  commonly  known  as  the  “Red  Shirt”  movement. 

(66)  Why  was  it  so  called? 

Decause  a  red  ^hirt  was  the  uniform  of  the  South  Carolina 
Democrats  that  year;  its  purpose  being  to  put  down  negro 
rule. 

(67)  What  did  the  “Red  Shirts”  do? 

They  elected  a  full  white  Democratic  ticket  for  all  public 
offices  of  the  State.  This  “Red  Shirt”  Movement  was  the 
culminating  stroke  which  severed  the  shackles  binding  the 
almost  helpless  populace.  (See  Note  1.) 

(68)  What  two  triumvirates  was  conspicious  during  the  period? 

Wade  Hampton  of  Columbia,  with  his  advisors,  James  Con¬ 
ner,  of  Charleston,  and  Johnson  Hagood,  of  Barnwell  and 
Butler,  Haskell  and  Gary.  They  contributed  largely  to  the 
redemption  of  the  State  by  their  counsel  and  advice. 

(09)  What  became  of  the  Federal  garrisons  stationed  in  South 
Carolina? 

They  were  ordered  withdrawn  by  President  Hayes  early  in 
187  7  after  he  had  recognized  the  Hampton  regime.  After 
eight  years  of  negro  and  Radical  supremacy,  backed  by  Fed¬ 
eral  troops,  South  Carolina  had  overthrown  the  usurpers  and 
taken  posession  of  the  government. 


1  Note— After  the  Hamburg  riot,  the  memers  of  the  Sweet  Water  Salve  Club, 
commanded  by  Captain  A.  P.  Butler,  were  arrested  and  brought  to  Aiken  for  trial. 

The  red  shirt  had  been  used  in  Mississippi  in  their  struggle  for  white  supre¬ 
macy  and  a  General  Ferguson  from  there  had  come  to  South  Carolina  to  make  some 
speeches.  He  told  our  people  of  its  use.  Also  Senator  George  of  Mississippi  ad¬ 
vised  the  use  of  the  red  shirt,  too,  in  writing  to  Colonel  George  D.  Tillman.  The 
latter  now  suggested  the  plan  to  Captain  A.  P.  Butler ;  Butler  and  his  men  approv¬ 
ing  of  it.  Butler  gave  the  order  for  the  shirts  and  he  with  his  men  appeared  in 
them  first.  From  that  they  spread  over  the  State. 

F.  W.  P.  Butler,  of  Columbia  gave  these  facts  in  an  article  for  “The  State” 
newspaper  and  gives  Captain  A.  P.  Butler  as  the  originator  of  the  movement 
in  South  Carolina. 


14 


IV. — MISCELLANEOUS. 


(1)  What  was  the  cause  of  the  War  (briefly)? 

After  the  invention  of  the  cotton  gin  great  prosperity  was 
given  the  South  on  account  of  free  labor;  the  Tariff  Acts  of 
1828,  1832,  1833,  were  unjust  to  agricultural  States  of  the 
South  and  unconstitutional.  Then  the  War  with  Mexico  re¬ 
sulted  in  an  unjust  sharing  of  territorial  possesions.  Money 
in  the  Treasury  was  unjustly  distributed.  The  election  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  without  an  electoral  vote  from  the  South, 

and  the  continued  violation  of  the  slave  trade  law  of  180  8  on 
the  part  of  the  North  kept  the  two  sections  in  constant  fric¬ 
tion.  The  North  feared  lest  the  Louisiana  Purchase  of  1803 
would  increase  the  number  of  slave  states,  and  the  free-  states 
were  jealous  lest  the  slave  states  would  have  greater  power 
in  Congress. 

(2)  Was  secession  by  the  Southern  States  rebellion? 

No.  Sovereign  States  cannot  rebel.  The  South  was  stand¬ 
ing  strictly  by  the  Constitution. 

(3)  Was  it  a  War  of  Sections? 

No.  The  North  did  not  fight  the  South,  for  brothers  were 
arrayed  against  brothers  in  many  cases. 

(4)  Was  it  a  Civil  War? 

No.  A  civil  war  must  be  in  one  state  between  two  parties 
in  that  state. 

(5)  Was  it  a  War  Between  the  States? 

Yes.  The  non— seceding  States  of  the  United  States  made  war 
upon  the  seceding  states  of  the  United  States  to  force  them 
back  into  the  Union. 

(6)  How  many  States  organized  the  Confederacy?  Name  them. 

Seven.  South  Carolina,  Mississippi,  Florida,  Alabama, 

Georgia,  Louisiana  and  Texas.  Finally,  Virginia,  Arkansas, 
North  Carolina  and  Tennessee  seceded.  Missouri  and  Ken¬ 
tucky,  also  furnished  troops.  • 

f7)  Who  was  responsible  for  the  Andersonville  horrors? 

The  Federal  Government.  Because  General  Grant  would 
not  exchange  prisoners  and  the  North  made  medicine  contra¬ 
band  of  war. 

(8)  Who  was  John  Brown  and  what  was  his  fate? 

John  Brown  was  a  fanatical  abolishonist  of  Kansas  who 
tried  to  cause  an  insurrection  among  the  negroes  in  Virginia 
to  murder  women  and  children.  He  was  tried  in  the  courts 
and  hung  in  Virginia  by  his  peers. 

(9)  Which  was  the  first  state  to  legislate  in  favor  of  the  Slave 
trade;  which  was  the  first  to  legislate  against  it? 

Massachusets;  Virginia. 

(10)  What  and  where  is  the  Confederate  Museum? 

The  old  home  of  Jefferson  Davis,  the  “White  House  of  the 
Confederacy,”  Richmond,  Va. 

(11)  How  is  it  now  used? 

To  preserve  priceless  relics  of  the  Confederate  period. 


15 


(12)  Name  a  relic  which  is  there. 

The  Great  Seal  of  the  Confederacy. 

(13)  Name  eight  great  men  of  different  periods  of  our  State 

history. 

(1)  Henry  Laurens  (statesman);  (2)  Charles  C.  Pinckney, 
(statesman);  (3)  Francis  Marion,  (soldier);  ( 4 )  Col.  Pierce  M. 
Butler,  (soldier,  Palmetto  Regt);  (5)  John  C.  Calhoun, 
statesman)  (6)  Robert  Y.  Hayne,  (statesman);  (7)  General 
Wade  Hampton,  (soldier);  (8)  Henry  Timrod,  (poet). 

(14)  Why  should  we  want  correct  School  Histories  and  Readers 
in  the  South? 

Because  a  very  great  many  histories  nad  reference  books 
now  used  in  schools  and  libraries  will  condemn  the  South  to 
infamy.  As  long  as  falsehoods  remain  within  reach  of  the 
student  all  teaching  to  the  conjtrary  will  be  in  vain.  Omis¬ 
sions  now  in  history  do  the  South  greater  injustice  than  the 
commissions  of  history.  The  South  simply  asks  justice  and 
is  willing  to  have  books  used  which  are  just  to  the  North  as 
well  as  just  to  the  South. 

(15)  The  soldiers  of  which  State  received  first  the  mosit  Medals 
of  Honor  in  the  World  War,  and  how  many  were  descendants 
of  Confederate  veterans? 

South  Carolina.  There  were  six,  and  five  of  them  were 
descendants  of  Confederate  veterans;  (thus,  “The  brave  give 
birth  to  the  brave.”) 

(16)  What  is  ithe  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  (U.  D. 
C.)? 

It  is  an  organization  of  women,  over  eighteen  years  of  age 
composed  of  widows,  wives,  mothers,  sisters,  nieces  grand¬ 
nieces  and  lineal  descendants  of  such  men  as  served  hon¬ 
orably  in  the  Confederate  Army,  Navy,  or  Civil  service  or  of 
those  men  unfit  for  active  dulty  who  loyally  gave  aid  to  the 
cause;  also  Southern  women  who  can  give  proof  of  personal 
service  or  loyal  aid  to  the  Southern  cause  during  the  war,  and 
the  lineal  descendants  and  nieces  of  such  women  wherever 
living.  Provision  is  made  whereby  a  Northern  woman  may  join 
“by  adoption”  if  she  is  the  widow  of  a  Confederate  veteran. 

(17)  What  is  the  Children  of  the  Confederacy?  (C.  of  C.) 

It  is  an  organization  of  the  descendants  of  Confederate  vet¬ 
erans,  who  are  under  the  age  of  18  years,  banded  together 
to  learn  the  true  history  of  1861-1865. 

(18)  What  are  the  objects  of  the  two  organizations? 

Memorial,  historical,  benevolent,  educational  and  social. 

(19)  Where  can  a  short  history  of  Confederate  flags  be  obtain¬ 
ed  and  at  what  cost? 

At  Confederate  Museum.  Price  25c. 

(20)  AVhere  is  “Old  Stone  Church”  (Presbyterian)? 

It  is  in  Oconee  County,  near  Clemson  College.  John  C. 
Calhoun  worshipped  there,  and  many  prominent  South  Caro¬ 
linians  sleep  their  last  sleep  in  its  cemetery. 


in 


(21)  Where  was  the  first  Confederate  monument  erected 
South  Carolina? 

Cheraw,  S.  C. 

(22)  What  are  some  war  inventions  of  South  Carolinians? 

(1)  First  to  suggest  Floating  Battery,  Wm.  Gilmore  Simms. 

(2)  First  to  make  practical  use  of  submarine  in  war.  A 
good  deal  of  experimenting  on  submarines  had  been  carried  on 
in  other  countries,  before  this  itime.  (3)  Torpedo  boats. 
(4)  Marine  signal  telegraph  invented  by  James  Maud  Elford 
of  Charleston. 


The  following  questions  will  be  of  interest  for  further  study  in 
reference  given. 


ta)  Was  the  War  Between  the  States  fought  to  hold  the  slaves? 
Give  three  proofs  that  it  was  not. 

— Rutherford’s  Truths  of  History. 

(b;  Who  was  responsible  for  the  slave  trade — the  North  or  the 
South? 

— Civilization  of  the  Old  South,  Rutherford. 


(c)  When  was  the  first  Memorial  Address  delivered? 
Where? 


— Athens  Memorial  Banner. 


By  whom? 


(d)  When  and  where  did  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  or¬ 
ganize?  By  whom? 

— Athens  Memorial  Banner. 

(e)  By  whom  organized  into  a  united  body? 

— Athens  Memorial  Banner. 

(f)  Who  suggested  the  U.  D.  C.  pin?  Who  designed  it?  Who 
suggested  the  Cross  of  Honor?  Who  designed  it? 

— Athens  Memorial  Banner. 


NATIVE  SOUTH  CAROLINIANS  WHO  WERE  GENERAL 
CONFEDERATE  OFFICERS  AND  OFFICIALS  OF 
THE  CONFEDERATE  GOVERNMENT 


Lieutenant-Generals 

Richard  H.  Anderson,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1864). 
Stephen  D.  Lee,  Army  of  Tennessee  (1864). 

Wade  Hampton,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1864). 

James  Longstreet  (appointed  from  Alabama),  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  (1862). 

Daniel  H.  Hill  (appointed  from  North  Carolina),  Army  of  North¬ 
ern  Virginia  (1862.) 


Major-Generals 

Benjamin  Huger,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1861). 

David  R.  Jones  (appointed  from  Georgia),  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  (1862). 

Joseph  B.  Kershaw,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1864). 

M.  C  Butler, -Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1864) 

P.  M.  B.  Young,  (appointed  from  Georgia),  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  (1864). 

E.  M.  Law..  (1865). 

W.  H.  T.  Walker. 


Brigadier  Generals 

Alpheus  Baker  (appointed  from  Alabama,  18  64  ). 
Barnard  E.  Bee  (1861). 

Hamilton  P.  Bee  (appointed  from  Texas,  1862). 
Pinckney  D.  Bowles,  (appointed  from  Alabama,  1865). 

M.  L.  Bonham  (1861) 

John  Bratton  (1864.) 

James  Cantey  (appointed  from  Alabama,  18  64). 
Ellison  Capers  (1865). 

James  Chesnut  (1863) 

James  Conner  (1864) 

Zachariah  C.  Deas  appointed  from  Alabama,  1862). 
Thomas  F.  Drayton  (1861). 

John  Dunnovant  (1864  ). 

Stephen  Elliott,  Jr.  (1864  ) 

N.  G.  Evans  (1861) 

S.  W.  Ferguson  (appointed  from  Mississippi,  1863  ) 

M.  W.  Gary,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  (1864). 

States  Rights  Gist  (1862) 

A.  H.  Gladden  (appointed  from  Louisiana,  1861). 

D.  C.  Govan,  (appointed  for  Arkansas,  1864). 


Maxcy  Gregg  (1861). 

Johnson  Hagood  (1862). 

Micah  Jenkins  (1862) 

John  D.  Kennedy  (1864). 

A.  R.  Lawton  ,  (appointed  from  Georgia,  1861). 

T.  M.  Logan  (1865). 

Robert  Lowry,  (appointed  from  Mississippi,  1863  ). 

A.  M.  Manigault,  (1863) 

Samuel  McGowan,  18  63) 

Lucius  B.  Northrop  (1864) 

Abner  Perrin  (1863). 

John  S.  Preston  (1861.) 

R.  R.  Ross,  (appointed  from  Tennessee). 

John  C.  C.  Sanders,  (appointed  form  Alabama,  1864) 
C.  H.  Stevens  (1864) 

J.  H.  Trapier  (1861) 

J.  B.  Villepigue  (1862) 

W.  H.  Wallace  (1864). 

Thomas  N.  Waul  (appointed  from  Texas,  1863) 

L.  T.  Wigfall  (appointed  from  Texas  1861). 


In  the  Cabinet  of  President  Davis 

Christopher  G.  Memminger,  first  Secretary  of  Treasury,  Charles¬ 
ton. 

G.  A.  Trenholm,  second  Secretary  of  Treasury. 

Lewis  Cruger,  Comptroller  and  Soliciter. 


Members  of  Military  Staff  of  President  Davis 

James  Chesnut,  A.  D.  C. 

P.  R.  Lubbock  (appointed  from  Texas). 

John  M.  Huger. 


War  Department. 

A.  C.  Myers,  first  quartermaster-general. 

A.  R.  Lawton,  second  quartermaster-general. 
Lucius  B.  Northrop,  first  commissary-general. 
T.  S.  Rhett,  bureau  of  ordinance. 

Samuel  P.  Moore,  surgeon-general. 

John  S.  Preston,  bureau  of  conscription. 


CHAMBERS  PRINTING  COMPANY 
CLEMSON  COLLEGE,  S.  C. 


